This study attempts to investigate the integration of Fish Products among South, North and Shiraz markets using co integration analysis. Granger causality test and the IMC method are respectively used to analyze the direction movements in the price spreads and the degree of integration among the markets. The results show that these three markets are integrated in the long run; however, short run integration is not displayed. The results of Granger causality tests show that North market of Fish Products can be defined as the central market. However, the degree of market integration varies in different markets.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Fish tank or swimming granuloma caused by Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunist pathogen commonly found in aquatic environments. We present a 16 year-old boy with frequent exposure to aquarium water who had several nodules (sprotrichoid forms) on his right hand.Pervious studies showed that Fish tank granuloma is a rare skin infection (0.27 per 100,000 population in one year). However, taking proper history and considering the patient’s signs and symptoms could be helpful in diagnosis and treatment.

Background: The quality and safety of Fish Products is determined by chemical, physical, and microbiological parameters, important for satisfying consumers’ requirements. Also, the freshness of Fish is essential for evaluation of its quality. On the Bulgarian retail market, Fish is commonly offered chilled, frozen, or processed. The purpose of this study was to determine some physicochemical characteristics of Fish Products sampled from Bulgarian retail markets. Methods: During June to July 2017, this survey was performed on 45 samples from smoked, semi-dried, marinated, and frozen Fish Products sold in Bulgarian markets. The samples were collected from specialized stores for Fish Products, and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Water content, water activity (aw), pH, salt content, and ash content were determined according to the standard protocols. Results: The highest average water content was established in frozen Products, followed by almost equal values in marinated, smoked, and semi-dried Fish Products. The average aw value was also the highest in frozen Products (0. 975), it was almost the same in marinated and smoked (0. 892); and the least in semi-dried Fish Products (0. 905). Semi-dried (3. 36%), marinated (3. 19%), and smoked (3. 03%) Fish Products had considerably higher average salt content than frozen ones (0. 1%). The average pH value of marinated Fish Products (5. 26) was lower than frozen (6. 88), smoked (6. 76), and also semi-dried (6. 68) ones. Average ash content was substantially higher in smoked (7. 16%), semi-dried (6. 57%), and marinated (5. 97%) Fish Products compared with frozen Products (1. 18%). Conclusion: It is concluded that the frozen Fish Products sold in Bulgarian markets are probably more susceptible to spoilage than marinated, smoked, and semi-dried ones.

This study pursued the molecular identification of Fish species from processed Products for human consumption which, a priori, belonged to nine species. DNA barcoding using direct sequencing of about 650 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed incorrect labeling in the three Alaska Pollack samples (11% of all samples). Substitution of Fish species constitutes serious economic fraud, and our results increase concern regarding the trading of processed Fish Products in Iran from both health and conservation points of view.